One share one vote Essay

In 30% of Europe’s major companies, inadequate capitalist equality has strengthened middle power-holding groups and limited alternative shareholders’ kingdom of action. That is the close of a study by research firm Deminor, equipped on behalf of the Association of British Insurers (ABI). The study condemn the reality that 35% of all companies in the choose FTSE Eurofirst 300 index have some kind of method in position for defensive themselves next to the standard of ‘one share, one vote. Business reformers who want to put off corporate scandals have not embark upon this dilemma, in spite of the fact that parity is the most basic principle in politics. In Europe, this breakdown is a particularly solemn problem since the majority governments have opted to take out the proposals of the European Union, by means of the method of ‘obey or give details. ’ This classification has allowed them to keep away from writing set of laws that wrap all the ins-and-outs of good quality governance. As a substitute, companies that fall short to obey with a corporate principle have to clarify why they are doing so, and depiction themselves to likely penalty by their shareholders. If the ballot vote rights of minorities are limited, a comparatively useless reprimand is functional. â€Å"The formula of ‘obey or explain’ is merely feasible if all shareholders can work out their rights,† warns Mary Francis, general manager of the ABI, in the opening to the study. In her view, if authority holders in a high proportion of companies carry on to accumulate more power than they deserve, they could countenance lawful penalties from Brussels. Though, Vicente Salas, professor of economics and business organization at the University of Zaragoza, doesn’t consider it will be likely to inflict such penalties. Whilst empirical data is missing, Salas argues that this kind of behavior â€Å"will not be regulated until we arrive at the point where the standard (‘one share, one vote’) is severely imposed on every openly traded company in each country of the European Union. † (Guido 16-18) When voting rights are concerted in the groups that sprint the company, it distorts the actuality of the soak. Along with the 300 major companies in Europe, 35% of every voting right is given to those who possess 22% of the total shareholdings. There are more than a few ways this is gifted, and it depends on the country. Though, the preferred means to attain this attentiveness is to generate shares that have manifold voting rights. That occurs in 20% of Europe’s most important companies. Fairly a small number of companies (10% of the total) choose to border voting rights, and 5% of all companies favor to impose confines on share ownership. With that kind of loom, shareholders need to own a least amount number of shares [previous to they can vote. ] In contrast, â€Å"Golden Shares† [a golden share gives its shareholder refusal authority over changes to the company’s charter] have been trailing fame because they have frequently been fated by Brussels. In spite of the resistance of European regulators, a few companies uphold this method. Examples comprise BAE Systems and Rolls Royce, in which the British decision-making has a Golden Share. Similarly, the Portuguese chief executive has a Golden Share in Portugal Telecom. In Spain, the government does not have its own â€Å"Golden Shares. † though; it has maintained the authority to veto definite activities in Endesa, Repsol-YPF, and Telefonica, in spite of the reality that the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg affirmed such vetoes against the law in May 2003. Study demonstrates that there is still an extended road in front before there is a self-governing system for all shareholders in European markets, director of investments at ABI. In his view, if companies make growth beside this road, they will shun the jeopardy of being subjected to stricter set of laws, such as those in result in the U. S. The solution to achieving this objective is to admiration the rights of shareholders, and build up just one market for [all] European shares,. Jean-Nicolas Caprase, a partner of Deminor, is not sure that companies will respond fast. There are a lot of exceptions to the standard of ‘one share, one vote,’ and the circumstances are altering too slowly. That marginal shareholders’ aptitude to take act is the principal bludgeon for avoiding the mistreatment of authority by groups that are in control. â€Å"The basic thing is to get better the performance of shareholder groups since that is one of the lone places where corporate directors are feeble. Bebchuk and Hart 11) Justifications and Exceptions Salas defends the idea of impending this from the point of view of self-regulation. Though, he recommends â€Å"prescribing standards that, as maintaining the liberty of companies, as well defend the interests of minority shareholders. When companies issue shares, they should be compelled to notify shareholders, in a completely translucent way, about the relationship between control over corporate incomes (where the parity principle applies) and have power over decision-making (where there may be a short of fulfillment because voting is biased. This association derives from the constitutional norms that each company establishes when it issues its shares. Formerly a company has gone public; any changes in pertinent statutes have to be approved by the general meeting of shareholders. Just then, if a transform is approved by preponderance, the company should offer to purchase out its dissenter shareholders, contribution them a fair price. † Companies protect their rights to carry on intent additional voting rights in just a few hands. They say this practice gives stability to their company’s shares, and prevents conjecture [in their shares]. Though, if we should inquire ourselves if insiders are more truthfully owners than alternative shareholders are, from a business point of view. After all, in many cases, minority shareholders invest today and put up for sale tomorrow. We should even ask ourselves if they are owners in terms of their obligation. (Edwards 7) Gratitude to a 1959 law, the German state of Lower Saxony controls 20% of the voting rights in Volkswagen, in spite of the truth it owns just 14% of the automaker’s shares. To promise shareholder constancy in the company, 80% of all votes were necessitate for adopting significant decisions. Additionally, the law set a 20% boundary on the voting rights of any single shareholder. Effectively, this guaranteed that no shareholder has a larger voice than lesser Saxony. Although this rule might have made sense 47 years previously, it has been fated by Brussels, which suppose that the state is using the innovative justification to assurance its control over the company. Companies offer another good reason for deploying mechanisms that set confines on corporate democracy. They say these requirements make investors more faithful to the company. For instance, in France, where 69% of all companies have some type of restraint, quite a few companies offer double voting rights to those investors who have held their shares for more than two years. The objective is to formulate these investors more faithful. Nevertheless, the Deminor study is decisive of this practice, at variance that it is being used to strengthen the position of groups that hold authority. Still if they want to alter, there are almost certainly some factions surrounded by the companies who fall short to fulfill with the principle, and protect the status quo, â€Å"One great example of disobedience with this principle is the survival of shares that have no voting rights. No one questions this put into practice, and no one qualm they can survive. † Shares with no voting rights are common between companies that are family owned; where the founders carry on to manage the majority of the shares, or a large portion. In such a case, the main goal of issuing shares is to gain right of entry to capital, with no altering managerial power of the company. Though, there are a number of economic reimbursements from owning shares that have no voting rights, together with special access to extra payments. (Berglof and M. Burkart, 172) Countries economic analysis All over Europe scholars have been discussing and researching on pros and cons of economic benefits, many have explained the positive side of it. In the economic side the public and private values are very important of any company. We can take an explain of it, as if a company has share ratio of 50 half of that relates to private value and half goes to public value, but public value becomes 40 if there is less competent team deficient. When Even though the in general landscape is fairly negative, there are important differences from country to country. Belgium provides the best instance of corporate democracy. No company in that country compel restrictions on minority voting rights, in spite of the fact that Belgian law recognizes some customs that such a objective could be achieved. Neighboring Holland is one of Europe’s most translucent countries, and a title holder of good governance. Though, Holland is the country that imposes the most limits on minority shareholders; 86% of every Dutch company has a number of systems for preventing minorities from imposing their views. They do this, very frequently, by issuing shares with manifold voting rights. Sweden, wherever 75% of all companies are â€Å"equipped† next to minority shareholders, is between the slightest democratic countries when it comes to corporate governance. In adding up, every Swedish company that sets restrictions on voting rights also has shares that have manifold voting rights. Germany is an individual case. German companies have two councils. One is composed of executives of the company. In the next council, partially of the members represent the workers. This set-up explains, in part, why no German company apart from Volkswagen sets limitations on voting rights. In most cases, this is because employees are also shareholders in the company. The United Kingdom, measured the example of good governance in Europe, is also one of the countries with the majority corporate democracy. This is true in spite of the information that 12% of all companies have some sort of restraint, largely from side to side limitations on ownership. We consider that if you make a market based on business governance, as caring the interests of minority shareholders, it is a superior thing for each entity market; for the European financial system, and for the millions of entity savers whose money we use yet, wouldn’t it be promising to validate limitations on voting rights beneath a few circumstances? (Gilson 29) Pros and cons The primary suppositions in the law and economics literature concerning shareholder voting and the one-share/one-vote rule are faulty in many ways. The typical outlook is that share possession is essential and enough to make voting rights and those rights should be straight relative to share possession. We display that this supposition is groundless, both for shares that are economically burdened (supposed by investor who are not pure left over applicant; e. g. , a investor who owns one share and is as well tiny one or more shares) in addition to shares that are lawfully laden (alleged or connected with more than one investor; e. . , shares that are loaned to a little, who put up for sale that share to a new buyer). The one-share/one-vote rule is not merely economically sub-optimal, but grades in considerable harmful cost. Quorum and dogmatic needs are distorted; mergers and acquisitions are also effortlessly accepted; securities class performance are undervalued and at the same time under- and over-recompense; insolvency distributions are over- and under-broad; and fixed-ratio stock offers are favoured over economically greater alternatives. These consequences all get from a groundless dependence ahead the one-share/one-vote standard and the faith that yet economically or lawfully laden shares are allowed to vote. On the other side the public value side has been flawed by the system in its depth, which has already been mentioned above. Conclusion Since the enactment of the federal securities laws, the number of public investors who directly own equity securities in this country has grown to over 47,000,000, and the additional number of individuals who own stock indirectly through pension plans, life insurance policies, and other accounts exceeds 133,000, 000. These public investors have relied on a congressional policy that links fair corporate suffrage to the trading markets for equity securities. An increasing number of publicly-held corporations have determined to break this link to foreclose takeover threats. Differing sets of listing standards have permitted companies to engage in regulatory arbitrage, moving from one exchange to another in a search for the least regulatory environment. The resulting competitive pressures felt by the exchanges and the NASD have caused a deregulatory crisis over stockholder voting rights, a crisis that ultimately may extend to other qualitative standards imposed on listed companies) Although the SEC believes it has the authority to act, EU has provided no clear guidelines for the implementation of its fair corporate suffrage policy. The resulting lack of certainty could be harmful to corporate enterprises, the investing public, and the markets EU has sought to protect. Substantial damage already has occurred, but that harm is inconsequential when future prospects are considered. Presently, only 200 of the 6500 publicly- held corporations have undertaken to break the link between voting and trading. One exchange official has predicted that â€Å"the floodgates will open. † Another commentator has warned that â€Å"eventually all companies will be controlled by some small, inside group; public stockholders will not have any role or significant voting rights† if the one share, one vote rule is taken away. In the words of a former SEC Commissioner, we should â€Å"question the legitimacy of vesting so much of our nation’s wealth in the hands of what would be self-perpetuating managements. † (Kraakman 95) The idea of a federal corporation law has been suggested since the beginning of the Republic. James Madison recommended the idea during the Constitutional Convention. ’ Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft promoted the idea in the early part of this century as a way to combat monopolistic practices. In the 1970s, Ralph Nader and others urged federal chartering as a means to effect social reforms)

Expectations and Blindness in King Lear

Shakespeare, with his brilliant portrayal of Lear's conflict with two opposing forces: aesthetics and reality, continues to draw both readers and audiences with Lear's many meanings and interpretations. The main character, King Lear, is the object of universal identification with his obliviousness as to who people truly are, and the discovery of truth. It is this identification that exceeds the Elizabethan period, making King Lear a play for all times.With his world about to be shattered, Lear will realize that the world he was living in as King, is not so nice as it seems. King Lear is the story of how a man â€Å"once obsessed with image and power†(Hamilton 175) is forced to see that those around him are not who he believes they are. The issue of vision and insight, and the absence of it, is a major theme in Lear. This theme is portrayed through the characters of King Lear, Gloucester and Edgar. The lack of insight, or â€Å"blindness†, is very symbolic.Blindness is d efined as â€Å"unable to see; lacking the sense of sight;†(Dictionary). For Lear, blindness was not physical; it was his flaw. Lear's blindness to see who a person really was, based on their character and personality, was obvious at the beginning of the play regarding Cordelia and Kent. Gloucester, on the other hand, was originally blind because he also had a flaw against seeing the truth. He is physically blinded by Cornwall, but after he gains the vision that Lear lacks.Lear's understanding that vision is not only physical came too late, and is the cause of his downfall. Lear knows absolutely that he is not only a King, but the father of the family unit, the patriarchal figurehead. He believes these titles makes him better than everybody else, that everyone else bows to him. Because of this, he demands high levels of public affection, that he wholly expects to receive. Lear emphasizes his expectations at the start of the play, repeatedly referring to nature and â€Å"offi ces of nature†(2. 4. 94-202) to which he thinks everyone must listen to because it would be â€Å"unnatural† to ignore them. (2. 4. 320) Lear thinks it is his right for others, especially his family, to bestow pure and unlimited love and devotion on him; it is this belief that causes him to split the Kingdom – which to the Elizabethan audience would be something only crazy people would do. Lear's oldest daughters, Goneril and Regan, as trained, exaggerate their feelings by proclaiming their love for their father exceeds all others, and they are rewarded for their expressions â€Å"†¦ ith wealth but with the power to dictate the conditions of public life, the power to make a new kingdom in the shell of the old, to become the new Lears. † (Basney 18) Sharon Hamilton compares Baptista (The Taming of the Shrew) and Lear, explaining their behaviour: â€Å"In both plays, the fathers show preference to the hypocritical daughters and set down, by direct stat ement and implication, the public role that they want them to play. Both Baptista and Lear flatter themselves on being good fathers, and both see as the test of their effectiveness the daughter's compliance with her prescribed role.Above all, each man values reputation and status and eschews any word or act that reflects badly on his public image. The shallowness of their outlook is revealed by the presence of a sister who is the†¦. daughter's temperamental opposite†(Hamilton 93). Lear then turns to Cordelia, and knowing she loves him he demands the same thing: to speak her love for him to recieve a portion of the kingdom. However, unlike her sisters, Cordelia is not going to follow her father's expectations. Cordelia â€Å"raises the issue of obligation itself in an unprotected†¦.. way.She states the moral framework†(Basney 18) of how she can't love Lear all forever; her love will be split when she is married – like how her sisters should have been. Of course, Lear is outraged by the thought that his expectations, that Cordelia fawn over him and flaunt her love for him publicly, will not come true. Lear then disowns Cordelia. Kent, having more insight than Lear, is able to see the honest love Cordelia has for Lear. Kent tries to prove to Lear that he is making the wrong choice in disowning his daughter and he is not seeing her love for him.Lear replies angrily with â€Å"Out of my sight! †(1. 1. 179) to which Kent answers, â€Å"See better, Lear, and let me still remain/ The true blank of thine eye. † Lear's windows to reality, Kent and Cordelia, are banished and for now, Lear alone is able to make his own decisions. Meanwhile, Gloucester is also a victim of blindness. Like Lear, Gloucester can't see which of his two sons truly love him. Edmund forged the letter that was allegedly written by his brother, saying Edgar is planning to kill Gloucester.His father sees the letter and is instantly convinced. He was made to believe, by his blindness and some help from Edmund, that Edmund loved him and Edgar was the son plotting to kill him. G. Wilson Knight comments on the parallels between the main plot of Lear and Gloucester's sub-plot: â€Å"The Gloucester-theme is a certain indication of our vision and helps us to understand, and feel the enduring agony of Lear†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Now all the Lear effects are exaggerated in the Gloucester theme. † (Knight 139)Unlike Lear though, Gloucester is blinded by the Duke of Cornwall; from that moment on, Gloucester's vision starts clearing up. â€Å"I have no way and therefore want no eyes; I stumbled when I saw†(4. 1. 19-20) is the climax for Gloucester as he can now see the truth. Gloucester realized he was blind to the truth and how he was more blind when he could see physically. He knows now that he doesn't need his eyes to see and understand because he can understand better in his mind, without the aesthetics, or the outward appearance, to tri ck him.Eventually, Lear's strong trust in his expectations eventually spirals down into severe instability and â€Å"madness as he figures out –by the events of the play- that his expectations can't be achieved. Lear's downfall caused is because of this fault of his mind, And he knows it: O Lear, Lear, Lear! Beat at this gate that let thy folly in, And thy dear judgement out. (1. 4. 287) Lear now see's his daughters â€Å"as aspects of his self, now tainted†(Hamilton 118). The insanity he goes through is the punishment for his â€Å"blindness†.Lear was once a master of nature itself, as he believed, as a God; he realizes that he is ‘slave' to nature in the form of weather. The arduous, painful power of the storm drowns him, in desperate fallacy, and creates a strong nostalgia and the extreme longing for affection. Lear â€Å"see[s] how this world goes† like blinded Gloucester, â€Å"see[s] it feelingly†. (4. 6. 162-4) The blinding of Glouces ter was an exaggeration of cruelty, the same horrible cruelty that led Lear to madness. Lear and Gloucester gain sympathy from the audience, adding to the heaviness of the tragedy's ending.Edgar and Cordelia are the rays of hope in Lear, because even after their fathers have wronged them because of their blindness, the children return to their fathers and â€Å"†¦ put all their efforts into comforting and restoring them†¦. †(Hamilton 174) The irony of Lear and Gloucester's blindness is made even more sad because Kent, Cordelia and the Fool are aware of their ignorance. These three characters can tell what is going on, but they cannot do anything to fix it. Lear is blind to Cordelia's honest love for her father, instead embracing Goneril and Regan's expected proclamations of, what really is false love.As Lear goes mad, he finally see's what he has done by placing â€Å"roles† on those around him, and see's the roles his daughters play, that he created, are not who Regan and Goneril truly are. Yet as soon as he realizes his mistake, shredding his blindness, insanity moves in. The Fool and Kent both remain loyal to Lear, always trying to make him see what is really going on. â€Å"Lear is constantly reminding us with convincing representations of obligation, faithfulness, and care, without allowing us to take the kind of comfort from them that we want. † (Basney 27)What Basney means here, is that while Cordelia, the Fool and Kent show their faithfulness in Lear, while Edgar cares for his blind father, Lear and Gloucester are not aware that they have people who care for them and love them unconditionally. The audience wants Gloucester and Lear to see that the most loyal people have never left or betrayed them. However, Kent and Edgar â€Å"must go underground. The disguise of goodness is the principle of Lear's new kingdom. †(Basney 20) Through Cordelia, the Fool, and Kent, Shakespeare created a connection for the audience to sympathize with, drawing the audience emotionally closer to each character.With every piece of advice disregarded or neglected, a feeling of urgency rises, until the audience can only wish that there is hope somewhere. Everyone see's what they wish to believe; that is, people's expectations shape what is actually in front of them, so that they see what they want to see. It's these factors that makes Lear's characters so relate-able. G. Wilson Knight expands on this: â€Å"Our vision has thus been uniquely focused to understand that vision of the grotesque, the incongruous, the fantastically horrible, which [was] the agony of Lear's mind† (Knight 142).We can feel Lear's pain, we can sympathize with him. This play shows that we need to look beyond what our eyes can see and pay more attention to what is really going on. We must avoid seeing what we should not see, and stop not seeing what we should. We must be able to see blinded and not be blinded by sight. In King Lear those w ho appear blind have the best vision, those who seem fools are the wisest, and those who don't speak much really know the most.

Ethan Frome Essay

Ethan Frome Essay Destiny can shape the lives of many different kinds of people, such as princes who are meant to be kings and the poor who know they will not have the opportunity to be wealthy. Ethan Frome taught me that it is human nature to follow the destiny and predetermined life patterns bestowed on us upon birth. In one of the earlier chapters of Ethan Frome, the author describes the gravestones of many Ethan Fromes before the main character. It shows that Ethan will live and die in Starkfield, and he cannot change that regardless of what his aspirations are. Humans seem to have picked a spot and stayed there. A girl who grows up in a small town in the Midwest in a school with a class of one hundred, will experience the same lifestyle but through the eyes of a grown up woman. Even though this girl might have had dreams of living her own lifestyle, the barriers her destiny have formed between her aspirations and the reality of her predestined future. Life seems to be similar to a computer for many, as it is for Ethan Frome. One can type in a course for someone to follow, and it seems to never run off the tracks. Having a predetermined life does not always have to be about where you come from geographically. Even looking around Morristown High School, you can see patterns where, sadly, certain students do not have the same opportunities for success as others because of their past. The child of a well known cardiologist who lives in The Summit is given the drive and determination to learn as a characteristic from their parents, and it is already programmed into their life course. The child of an immigrant who is doing as much as they can to get by, might not be able to find that drive and determination as easily within themselves as the child who has been given those qualities from birth. On the other hand, there are those who can break those barriers. Every once in a while, you hear about a success story of somebody who fell off the life course but eventually found their way to a new and improved one. Those people are far to scarce. I will never forget a billboard I once saw in New York that read â€Å"Homeless to Harvard. † The picture showed a girl who looked as normal as a next door neighbor, but her struggles and accomplishments brought her to an ivy league school. Ethan Frome, Zeena, and Mattie Silver fell unbeknownst into the course of life that Starkfield Massachusetts had made. Cold winters and relationships forced them to stay on a path to mental destruction and misery. The story taught me that it is human nature to follow the set of rules made by the surrounding society.

International Business - Global Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Business - Global Marketing - Essay Example Most firms will be reluctant to enter countries that have high political risks unless the potential returns are high or when countries with high political risk are providers of raw material that are in short supply. Thus, inflation rates, balance of payments, exchange rate stability, government budgets and the record of growth will be considered to evaluate the prospects for economic instability or crisis. Environmental scanning, strategy development and consistent market and global industry monitoring are the main steps for successful operation oversees (Keegan, Green, 2003). 2. The organizational theory/management has a long history goes back to ancient times. The main stages of management history development coincide with the traditional stages of historical development. The first is the Ancient history including Sumerians, Egyptians, Babylonians (Hammurabi's Code), Hebrews (Jethro), when private merchants appeared. Scalar and Exception Principles were the core of management. It is possible to include the primitive stage into this classification, when collecting and primitive trade (interchange) existed, but this management process was not conscious, but rather intuitive. In Ancient East, China developed management thought based on a class principle (division of labor), generic and distinct management styles. Further, Alexander the Great developed a staff principle. During Medieval Period delegation principle and Mercantilism were developed. In their works Machiavelli and Thomas More discussed the principle of ideal organizational structure. Industrial period has lasted from 1765 to present time. This period is marked by a free market system of production, corporate culture and integration (R. Owen, A Ure). The XX century has evolved the main concepts of contemporary management practice utilizing the previous knowledge (Keynes). (Minor, 1995). 3. a). A company should use international division when it achieves competitive advantage in a national industry and requires executives and managers to maintain a well-defined strategic focus abroad. Their task is to guide marketing efforts, coordinate and direct activities and monitor economic environment of a country to predict possible opportunities and threats. International division will be able to maintain a strict control over trade and administrative activities in a foreign country, and reach wider target audience implementing advertising and promotion activities. A single organizational unit will help to deal with special environment of a foreign country. The international division cannot solve the problems of another layer of management if its budget is inadequate to this task. It cannot solve the problems outside its regional location (Keegan, Green, 2003). b). Global product structure is often considered as a separate marketing context requiring adaptations of the product, its price and the way it is promoted to account for differences in cultural expectations or constraints imposed by the governments of nation states. Geographic approach allows a firm to select particular markets similar to their organizational arrangements, which help to avoid a failure if products are not tailored to local markets. Such differences have led many firms to appoint local agents in different countries to

Educational Excellence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Educational Excellence - Essay Example The area of improvement encompasses mathematics. The data was compared between those who were born in 1983 and those born in 1997. When 20 students of the 4th grade born in 1983 were examined for proficiency in reading and writing, only 6 were found to be proficient while 20 students born in 1997, when examined for similar proficiency 7 students were found to be proficient in reading. The area showed less improvement (US Department of Education: A Nation Accountable). When 1983 born 4th class students were observed for proficiency in mathematics, only 4 were found to be proficient. Students born in 1997, when examined for proficiency in mathematics 8 out of 20 were found to be proficient in mathematics. Indicating that proficiency in mathematics increased two-fold. On close observation it is observed that 20 children born in 1983, entered school in 1988, of these 20, 14 graduates on time in 2001, of these 14, 10 started college but by 2007 only 5 could earn their degrees (US Department of Education: A Nation Accountable). California has shown very poor improvement when compared to other states of United States. According to 2005 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), California stands seventh lowest in 8th grade mathematics when compared with other states of USA. When their competitive spirit was calculated, California was at the bottom quarter. The students of 8th grade when compared for their reading skills they were the third lowest and just above the Hawaii and Columbia. The Californian students were poor in science they stand second lowest and just above the Mississippi. Indicating the education excellence could not meet the perfection in California (States vs. Countries in Math). According to the NY Times, Massachusetts shows maximum of 51% of mathematics proficiency, as compared to California which has 24 percent of proficiency in mathematics when students from eighth-grade were compared between various states and different

Self-Concept-PSY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Self-Concept-PSY - Essay Example This means that we have the ability to make choices and that not everything in life is completely deterministic, even though some aspects are. Through exploring experiential freedom, this is the way in which we learn and grow. Societies and the development on both the personal level and collective level is based on the ability to make choices, whether they are right or wrong. I think that the least important trait is organismic trusting. Roger’s basically stated that this is doing what feels natural. As a component of basic living, humans are going to do whatever they please, whether it is natural or not. Thus, this component of being able to be â€Å"fully functional† seems to be redundant and unnecessary. These qualities are related to the development of personality. The decisions and method by which a person lives will inherently play a role in the development of the self. In addition, the qualities of society and socialization will also play a role in the developmen t of personality. The five traits are highly abstract that deal with the ability to make choices and the way in which a person looks at the world and interacts.

Computer Hardware and Operation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computer Hardware and Operation - Research Paper Example This has created a difficulty to maintain the entire system which has brought about the need to properly configure the system based on user requirements. Responsively, it has been observed that in order to ensure that different users derive utmost usability from the usage of their system, a categorization has been made which includes configurations required for standard users, power user and elite user. The standard users would perform basic administrative related tasks such as spreadsheets, word processing along with internet. Conversely, power user would perform engineering and information technology (IT) related tasks. Entailing a moderate budget of $1400 for each system, these systems would require features such as high quality graphics along with sound, greater proportion of memory and storage. Similarly, the system of elite user to be used by the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) would be arranged in such a manner which would ensure latest features and top ranked quality. With thes e background considerations, the paper intends to provide reasoned justifications for the selection of a few of the major components for these users including case, power supply, processor, mother board, memory, storage (magnetic and optical) and monitor. The key aspect of the paper is to detail feasible budgeted configuration plans for each of the users so that their needs are satisfied. Reason for Selecting Each of the Major Components for Different Types of Users Case. Computer case which also termed as system unit or base unit is one of the major components of a computer system. Cases are usually manufactured by steel or aluminum. In addition, case at times is manufactured with plastic and even wood as well. Cases come in different sizes. The size of the case is majorly dependent on the motherboard. For instance, a case prepared for an ATX motherboard along with power supply may assume a number of external forms. Various kinds of cases that are available in the market include ve rtical tower, flat desktop and pizza box. Responsively, it is observed that business organizations often depend on the desktop cases and mini-tower cases. Computer cases layout is designed with sheet metal which consumes the power supply. Moreover, the rear board is constructed with billet peripheral connectors which protect the expansion slots and motherboard. Cases usually possess power switch, reset button and LEDs to help show the power status and activity of the network. In recent scenarios, the most popular cases in the consumer market include ATX (PCGuide, 2001). In relation to the provided scenario, it can be affirmed that there would be a requirement of a diverse set of cases for different user configurations i.e. elite, standard and power. For standard configurations, there would be a prospective purchase of 12 systems wherein the budgeted value of each system has been assigned at $750. Considering these factors, the suggested computer case will be Full Tower ATX Gaming Ca se. The price of this case is US$8 for each piece, featuring advanced cooling system and convenient install procedure which would fulfill the requirement of the standard users. Furthermore, for power users, the recommended case will be ATX Computer Case/Cabinet black with silver and the price will be US$10.15 for each piece. This case renders side panel window facility. Conversely, for elite system configuration, the price

CV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CV - Essay Example Good experience of both strategic and detailed work on projects of different scales. Able to work on all of project’s stages: drafting, budgeting, creating and processing working and executive documentation, experiential and industrial exploitation). Ability to profound analysis that allows, basing on the analysis of multiple factors of the company’s activity, to forecast the possibility of different issues of organisational, technological and technical character arising in the work of IT-sphere and, consequently, to take precaution measures and implement well thought-of solutions so that to eliminate the causes for these problems. Ability to gather a team of professionals and lead it, while remaining an authority, thanks to my knowledge and competencies in different spheres and the sense of responsibility regarding the tasks set and the team. Integrity, attention, responsibility, goal-orientation, high loyalty to employer and company, stress-resistance in any situation. Easy-learner and able to adapt very well in any project or environment. Ambitious to a certain extent, while possessing a high level of professional self-esteem. Conducted the restructuring of company’s production unit; within the frame of this project methodology and processes of production and project management have been pinpointed and organised. New directions of company’s competencies have been developed, such as strategic consulting, business consulting, IT-consulting, developing and introducing business application and others. Due to this the company managed to get to the end of the last year with more than 50% growth of key figures, and has one of the most ambitious development plans on the systematic integration markets in Russia. Among the company’s loyal customers there are major industrial holdings and enterprises in Russia, organisations and

Business finance and legal service coursework(Write a report on the Essay

Business finance and legal service coursework(Write a report on the financial performance of a company in a particular sector) - Essay Example As a cascading effect the production activities suffered. There were reports of spare capacity which in turn resulted into massive employment cut during 2012. New exports reduced considerably. As a result the growth in the manufacturing sector or FMCG sector has fallen steeply during 2011 to 2012 (Chartered Institute Of Purchasing and Supply, 2 April, 2013). Manufacturing activities lifted a bit higher towards the end of 2012 but rate of expansion was marginal and weak. The reasons behind it were cost inflation acceleration in Eurozone and rise in average input price hitting an eight month high (Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply, January 2013). The downturn UK economy was suffering came to an end during December 2012 with level of production and new orders rising at a faster rates. Reportedly highest gains were made by Britain’s consumer goods producer. It has been predicted if the recoveries in the overseas market continue to build during then Britain exporters are expected to make out huge profit out of it (Chartered Institute of Purchasing And Supply, December 2012). ... The Company believes in growth through organic and international expansion. The company has grown so much in the short span due to great strategic planning. â€Å"Their ambition is to grow their group together EBIT margin by an average of 50bps per annum from2009-2013† (Britvic plc, n.d.). They follow an expansion of 2-3% every year. The company gives prime focus in closing distribution gaps in all routes to market. Britvic started acquiring independent still business since 2010.They acquired Friute business in France with leading brand such as Teissiere and Pressade. This was followed by the prime acquisition of A.G. Barr during September 2012. The company’s excellent performance during this short span demonstrates their ability to grow in business and create shareholders wealth (Britvic plc, n.d.). An Overview of Financial Performance Data and Ratios: SNAPSHOT OF FINANCIAL POSITION OF BRITVIC PLC NAME FORMULA CALCULATION 2012 2011 Net Profit Ratio (Net Profit/ Net Sal es) 0.061703822 0.061937984 Return On Capital Invested (Adjusted Net Profit/Capital Employed) 0.118501529 0.118545994 Price Earnings Ratio (Market Value Of Share/ Earning Per Share) 15.2941176 Data Insufficient Current Ratio (Current Asset/Current Liability) 1.02425876 0.984615385 Capital Gearing Ratio (Equity Share Capital/ Fixed Interest Bearing Funds) 0.327546089 0.327983252 Debt Equity Ratio or Long Term Borrowing Ratio (Total Long Term Debts/ Shareholders Fund) 8.439577039 9.055292259 (Tracy, 2012) The above table gives a snapshot of the company’s financial position during the two fiscal years. The net profit ratio didn’t suffer any change within the two fiscal years. But the revenue had

Families Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Families - Essay Example While men are often looked at as the fundamental breadwinners for the family, it becomes quite difficult for some to provide their children with the time and association they require. Children require contact and interaction. Most men complain that they lack association with their father simply because their fathers did not provide for them when they needed them. Men tend to reserve more time for their children than what they had been given by their fathers. Most fathers tend to feel protective about their children besides letting them out and explore their world on their own. This is so because they are aware of all the threats their children might encounter because they did face them themselves. Many fathers in the present age have lived a much free and leveraged childhood in terms of freedom as compared to what their children are allowed. Childhood in the past was enriched with an outdoor taste while today, outdoor games have been replaced with technical indoor activities, both related to school and otherwise. Today’s fathers are more protective towards their children. Many fathers tend to provide their children with sufficient leverage so that they can decide their future as per their interests and aptitude. Many children might even consider this a neglect on the part of the parents, but it is a fact that in most cases, parents hardly have time to help their child with his/her studies. However, parents do all to ensure that the child gets the finest education available. I think the authors have been quite rational in their realization of the four traits of fatherhood. Good fatherhood is an integration of provision, protection, endowment and emotional closeness. These are four factors many men miss about their relationship with their fathers. Emotional closeness is the most fundamental trait of fatherhood that decides the level of intimacy a father would develop with his children. Fathers need to provide their children with time,

Project Study 01 - Personal Objective Strategy Con't Statement

Project Study 01 - Objective Strategy Con't - Personal Statement Example Other weighty considerations in a dreaming well plan include ones specific synergies with their target organisation and their critical success and risk factors, whose analysis Gentle (108) argues is of utmost importance. Besides personal analysis, my dreaming well plan accommodates my primary target firm Nestle, where I realise particular interest in environmental sustainability (Nestle Sustainability Review 1-5) which bodes well with my strengths; hence strong specific synergies. All of these factors for the establishment of dreaming well plan do not have to be taken into consideration as prioritising can help to settle down on the strategic options for a dreaming well plan based on the most effective factors. Simerson (89) argues that it is absolutely necessary to gather and analyse everything about your dream, from personal stock taking to the opportunities available externally. Based on this, my career strategy plan can include research tasks into my career goals, SWOT, UPPs, specific synergies, critical success factors and personal risk factors. Research tasks into my strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats will help me know my career potential. Basing research on my UPPs will help me realise my selling points, while establishing my specific synergy will provide me with insight into how I fit into my preferred career. Research tasks focused on my critical success factors and risk factors can help determine where to position myself and what to avoid in my career path. The stakeholders in the first SO (focussing on my career goal, undertaking a SWOT analysis and considering my UPPs) are personal belief in the selected SO and the targeted client, hence I give it a score of 2. It also gets a 2 in terms of systems since it only involves motivations and achievement. Financially, it gets a 3 in terms of its low costs, income and ROI. (Total score=7). Focusing

The influence of Nature and Nurture Essay Example for Free

The influence of Nature and Nurture Essay Can the influence of Nature and Nurture on two souls be compared? Nature and Nurture both determine Hucks and Jims personality ad behavior. Nature gives them their inborn traits often. Nature is how they are treated, and Nurture is the society, who natures them, and society nurtured them. Nature helps Huck become the person he is because the way your treated is the way you treat other people at times. Huck is thirteen whose place in society is second to a slave, like Jim. Hucks father is a drunk who takes care of Huck from time to time. Repeatedly Huck is filthy and left homeless. The nurturing society has failed to protect Huck from his father, because they didnt care for him, and nurture him. That doesnt go for everyone though, Widow Douglas took Huck in and tried to ameliorate Huck. Huck starts church and proper schooling. Even though Huck is a child the nurturing that he receives pushes him away from the cynicism of the world around him, which brings about another way nurturing has made who Huck is. At this time of age, African Americans were still in bondage as slaves, which brings about Jim in the story. Society does not nurture Jim; instead they treat him as an object of property. Huck doesnt agree with this though, according to Hucks sense of dialectic and fairness its not only acceptable but conscientiously good to help Jim. Hucks natural reasoning and his acquiescence to think through a situation on its own entitlement is what leads him to some conclusions that are right in their appurtenance but would clash society. An example is when he meets a group of slave-hunters, that telling a lie is sometimes the right course of action, in other words that sometimes lying is the right thing to do. Because Huck is a child, the world appears to be new to him. Everything he does is an instant for thought. Because of Hucks past he does more than just bestow the rules that he has learned; Huck invents his own rules. Nevertheless, Huck is not indispensably a kind of autonomous ethical genius. Huck struggles with some of the prejudgment about African Americans, which society has inveterate in him. Unfortunately Huck ensue Tom Sawyers lead. These flaws are of Huck because nature nurtured him this way. This shows you  that these flaws are a important element of what makes Huck enticing and compassionate. However Huck is still a boy and consequently deceptive. Impaired as Huck is, he symbolizes what everyone is able of becoming rational, feeling human being rather than a sprocket in the dogmatic instrument of society. What makes Jim who he is Nature. If society didnt treat him as an object he would be able to become better in all aspects. In the story Huckleberry Finn Jim is Hucks friend that travels the Mississippi River with him. In the story Jim is portrayed as man of outstanding intellectual, and that he shows compassion to people, even if they dont show it to him. When I first read about Jim he was portrayed as an idiot, but as I read further I found out that this was not true. Nature enabled Jim from acting boldly or speaking his mind, which at times made him seem like he wasnt intelligent. Even though he is held down by Natures way of nurturing him, Jim still finds it somewhere in his heart to be one of the most compassionate and caring person in this novel, and further more he cares for Huck, like a father would and like a friend. For example Jim cooks for Huck and shelters him from the incidents like when he finds Pas corpse, and kept it from him. Overall Jim I believe that Jim cannot control the way Natures nurtures him, and Huck, is the goodness in the society, even though Nature in its nurturing ways corrupted Huck.

Chocolate Processing Is A Long History Industry

Chocolate Processing Is A Long History Industry Chocolate processing is a long history industry in global and since it been discovered in the mid 1600, the passion for cocoa grew. When Joseph Fry Son discovered a way to make the first modern chocolate bar, its become favourite for sweet and dessert lovers. Since the demand increasing substantially, lots of large chocolate company established in the international market such as Cadbury, Ferrero roce, Hersheys and their brands are strong identified by consumers. Therefore chocolate industry is a high rivalry global market and it is crucial for Cocoa Boutique to plan appropriate strategic to modify the structure and competitive dynamics to gain an advantageous position. Prior to strategy planning, Cocoa boutique required understanding the internal and external environment and its position within the industry by using business strategy tools such as SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, and value chain analysis. 2.0 SWOT analysis of Cocoa Boutique SWOT analysis model is the most common using tool by large organization whereas it is stand for strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of the firm or industry. Through SWOT analysis, managers can better understanding its organizations position within the industry and planning appropriate strategy to achieve its mission and goals. Strength Although the rivalry is fierce, chocolate making in Malaysia is quite unique because almost chocolates products imported from western company. This given an opportunity for Cocoa Boutique to establish their local chocolates making company to build brand identify among local citizens. Through effectiveness marketing direct, Cocoa Boutique established their seventh outlets in Eastern Malaysia to satisfy the demand increase dramatically from chocolate lovers. Owing to a small organization, the structure of Cocoa Boutique is easily to manage and control hereby reduces the administration and operation expenses as well as overall costs. Further, Cocoa Boutique also gain benefit cheaper cost of material because Malaysia is a place which rich with natural resources like fruits that widely use to process different chocolates taste. Weakness Since they are lots of large international chocolate company in the market, as a small company it is difficult for Cocoa Boutique to entry because they had build strong identify toward customers. Again, chocolate is a snack that different people has different flavor taste and thus whose customers loyal to their flavor brand chocolate would not easily change to the other brand. To gain strong brand identify and loyal customers, Cocoa Boutique facing financial problem in advertisement and distribution because this required a large sum to be able to compete with other international chocolate company. Further, some of the international brands who achieved the benefits of economic of scale enable to sell their chocolate products in a competitive price. For example, Cadbury who achieve high productivity and lower the cost per unit lead them sell their confectionaries at the lower price and become the price leader in the market. Opportunity Since Malaysia is a tropical country which is rich with tropical fruit such as mango, durian, and papaya, hereby create an opportunity for Cocoa Boutique to research and develop in the chocolate product mixed of variety fruits. Through developing creation and innovation, Cocoa Boutique launched new chocolate product by mixed tropical fruit into chocolate as their unique product to maximize customers satisfaction and pursue as the local market leader. As example, to date Cocoa Boutique is the one and only chocolate house that came up with distinctive Durian Chocolate which had been awarded as The Most Innovation Chocolate Product 2004 by the Malaysian Cocoa Board. Strategically, the ingredients which produced by local are cheap and easily to access directly lower the cost of distribution as well as research and development expenses however setting a higher selling price because of its unique. The increasing demands from customers create motivation for Cocoa Boutique to establish their seventh outlets in Sabah, Eastern Malaysia which is one of the famous tourist attractions. Chance comes from own efforts. In continuous development, Cocoa Boutique seeking opportunity likes establish outlets in other area or expected alliances with potential company to expand its business scope. Threats Although the sweetness of chocolates attracts many people, the growing of health concern stick the passion of chocolate products. According to a health research, chocolate is such a food contributing to diseases like obesity, blood pressure, and diabetes. Chocolate contains high sugar, fat and caloric may have negative effect on health especially those chocoholic inheritances with these kinds of disease. However, this threat changes to an opportunity for Cocoa Boutique to make special less sugar chocolate to satisfy customers need. Price is one of the most important elements in strategy planning. Those large chocolate company gain benefit from economic of scale able to sell their products with lower price threatens Cocoa Boutique adjusted their product price to adopt the market trend and result in less profit. PEST framework of Cocoa Boutique The external environment consists of variables that are outside the organization and not typically within the short-run control of top management. Opportunity and Threats are components of external environment which influence the success or failure of strategy. PEST framework provides an analysis of possible influences of the broad marco-environment of an organization. PEST stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological. Political The political issue of Malaysia is stable although it made up of variety races. As a policy to improve economic, Government offer substitute and appeal local citizens to start up their own business and this policy had lead many small businesses been established including Cocoa Boutique. Cocoa Boutique takes advantage from political factor when launched its chocolate product range of local tropical fruit. According to the Minister of Tourism, these products are in line with governments vision of providing visitors something unique, a distinct element that cannot be found elsewhere. For instance Durian Chocolate, which is unique and only produced by Malaysia. The local fruits used in making chocolate would help increase demand for local fruits, and resulting in agriculture development such as economic spin-offs for Malaysian fruit growers and local farmers so that they can enjoy the benefits generated by tourism industry. Economic Chocolate product is such a luxury item where people would purchase it when they are with stable-income. Suppose the global economic crisis, people would have less money to spend on luxury items however save their money to buy necessary item such as rice and daily accessories. Again, as outline that many global chocolate manufacturers gain their benefit from economic of scale can setting their product price lower and relatively such a small business Cocoa Boutique failing to compete in price war. Customers who are in middle or low income group would prefer buying the global brand chocolate because of cheaper and believed high quality. Sosiocultural Malaysia is a combination of variety race country giving opportunity for Cocoa boutique earn profit by develop differ range of chocolate products to adopt different cultural customers. As example, Malay people prefer the rich taste of coconut, Cocoa Boutique launched coconut flavor chocolate to satisfy Malay group. People lifestyle considered as a key element in food processing industry. Todays people emphasis on diet or lose weight and healthy lifestyle as a barrier to food industry especially those sweeten snack like chocolate. Many chocolate manufacturers shift to adopt the market trend by concentrate on dark chocolate or low sugar chocolate products which believed would help to prevent from heart disease and cancer. Technological Using technological in process manufacturing would result in cost efficiency and gain competitive advantage in the market. Even though Cocoa Boutique is a small company, its chocolate cooking equipments are standardizing such as using specific machine in the process of chocolate making. Handmade chocolate becomes unique and interesting in this century because the trend of technological world. Strategically, Cocoa Boutique launched ready- handmade chocolate as this may attract many people and can selling with a higher price because of its unique. 4.0 Value Chain Analysis of Cocoa Boutique The internal environment of a corporation consists of variables (Strengths and Weaknesses) that are within the organization itself and are not usually within the short-run control of top management. Despite external influencers, company should analysis those internal factors that are most likely to affect the implementation of the present and future strategic decisions. Strengths and weaknesses are such impacts of the structure of internal environment within the company. Value chain analysis, as proposed by Michael Porter, is a way of examining the nature and extent of the synergies that do or do not exist between the internal activities of a corporation. Its comprising the activities within and around the organization, they are design, produce, packaging of the products and distributing, marketing and sales the products to customer. Differences among competitor value chains are a key source of competitive advantage. Cocoa Boutique using the lowest cost material to make innovation chocolate product such as local tropical fruit chocolate product range. The fruits supplied by local farmers are cheaper however the product able to sell with a good price because of its unique design. Effective value chain occurred when the entire stakeholders value maximized. In the part of advertisement and distribution channel, Cocoa Boutique maintain long term bond with their stakeholders such as tourism agencies and taxi drivers by offered sales commission to motive t hem bring customers or tourists into Cocoa Boutiques concept stores. Customers can visit and purchase such special and quality chocolates with acceptable price meanwhile maximize the value of the tourism agencies and increase profit to the shareholders. Cocoa Boutique only distributes and sells their chocolate products to its seven outlets. This may reduce distribution costs but as such weakness of Cocoa Boutique which limited its market share and the possible profitable in the future. 5.0 Cocoa Boutiques strategy formulation Strategy formulation is the development of long-range plans for the effective management of environmental opportunities and threats, in light of corporate strengths and weaknesses. It includes defining the corporate mission, specifying achievable objectives, developing strategies, and setting policy guidelines. A corporations strategy formulation takes place at corporate-level, business-level and functional-level. Corporate-level strategy of Cocoa Boutique The corporate-level strategy should be defined the organizations purpose and the lines of businesses in which it plans to operate, thus providing the overarching direction for the organization. Many organizations begin their growth and development with a corporate-level strategy aimed at concentrating resources in one business or industry in order to develop a strong competitive position within that industry. Since Cocoa Boutique established in year 2003, they merely concentrate their business growth and performance in chocolate industry within these seven years evidence that they applied directional strategy approach into their business. They develop long term into high quality chocolate processing and chocolate house concept store to provide special products range to customers and build their brand identify in Malaysias market. Since the substantial increase in customers demand when they established the first outlet, they recognized the potential of local chocolate market and strat egically applied horizontal growth approach where expand their business into other geographic location and increasing the range of product and service to their current market. For instance, the high volume sale of Gourmet chocolate in Sabah motivate Cocoa Boutique to develop a wide range of Gourmet chocolate to satisfy the particular customers need. Cocoa Boutique would not wait for lunch but strive to meet opportunities from the competitive environment. Next step to expand their business, they committed a joint venture agreement with a local corporation so called Genting Strawberry Leisure Farm who engages in tourist attraction development. Though the agreement, they alliance aims to acquire substantial revenues by create a diversity theme park for customers to have not merely an experiential but learning journey. In brief, the strategy marked out by Cocoa Boutique clearly orientating their corporations vision of continuous growing and developing creation and innovation to maximize their revenues in local chocolate retail market. Business-level strategy of Cocoa Boutique A business level strategy is the blueprint that should enable an organization to leverage its resources, so that it can differentiate itself from the competition within a particular line of business. Companies struggle in planning strategy in order to obtain competitive advantage and then gain superior profits from the strategy they designed. Michael Porter has proposed three generic strategies that provide a good starting point for strategic thinking; they are overall cost leadership, differentiation, and focus. Considering the rivalry in chocolate industry is fierce, small companies are unable to lead a stand in the market unless they target on the right market segment with the right products. Accordingly, Cocoa Boutique used focused differentiation strategy in chocolate industry which serving only one segment of overall market and trying to be the most differentiated organization serving that segment. Unlike other chocolate retailers who sells and distributes their confectionary products on the shelves of minimarket, supermarket or hypermarket, Cocoa Boutique focused on performance in travel retail. Based on the potential tourism industry of Malaysia, they pursuing a niche strategy in focusing on travelers, who are stable income, may come from local and foreign country and main purpose to visit and on the other hand purchase some native products, gifts or souvenirs. As stated that chocolate house concept store is rarely in Malaysia, and to date there are just two companies running this conceptual store, one is Cocoa Boutique and another is Beryls Chocolate retailer. To adopt their targeted customers segment, Cocoa Boutique launched handmade chocolate which is another selling point apart from Durian chocolate. The chocolate made with different shapes like the chocolate model design of Twin Towel doubtlessly suit the tourists need and demand. Due to run a focused on a niche market segment, Cocoa Boutique sells their products price higher than the market brand such as Cadburys and Nestle. In general, the strategy formulated by Cocoa Boutique is directly and simply within an undersized coverage yet is potentially in the future, especially in their business-level strategy planning. In the market of Malaysia, chocolate products can be seen in anywhere and they are usually Cadburys, Ferrero, Mars, Snickers, and other international brands. Almost of them develop in diversity market with the competitive advantage of economic of scale and well known in the line of international. In accordance with the outlined SWOT analysis, Cocoa Boutique recognized their weakness of limited finance as well as low reputation and hence wisely develops differentiation strategy in specific market segment in order to acquire higher profit with premium price. This strategy effectively decreases the scope of competition environment and evaded the intense price war with existing chocolate retailers. Their effort in business-level strategy also access to strategic alliances in corporate-level. Cons idered Genting Strawberry Leisure Farm is a potential travel attraction that might complement their strengths and offset their weaknesses, the joint-venture strategy allows Cocoa Boutique to obtain a greater sales impact at less cost. 6.0 Strategy implementation of Cocoa Boutique An idea is nothing until it becomes an action. Even the best conceived strategies are of little value if they are not implemented effectively. It should be noted that the plan for implementing a strategy might require radical design of organizational structure, the development of new control system, well skilled in handling human resources by develop strategic leadership. Cocoa Boutique who is the small enterprise gains the benefit in implementing their conceived strategies because the small fields of organization structure simplify their operation. Operations Decision of Cocoa Boutique Location is such key success in tourism industry and strategically, Cocoa boutique allocated its outlets nearby or within the tourist attraction. For instance, the latest Cocoa Boutique outlet has been established in Sabah, which is the famous vacationland in East of Malaysia. In order to gain competitive advantage, Cocoa Boutique develops appropriate operations decision to implement the strategy and ensure all the resources are used efficiently. Considered travel trade is depend on seasonality of demand, the inventory planning and control should be well- handle to avoid the problem of whether inefficient to meet customers demand or over- order during the peak season. From processing cocoa to chocolate products, Cocoa Boutique decides how much material or ingredients should be ordered and determines the production quantity because food products may have expired date and the expensive costs to storage them with low temperature. A range of customers demand analysis is needed to prevent the food perish and suffer lose from seasonal discount. Quality control is the key role in operating food processing companies because the food is directly influencing the customers perspective and even their healthy. Poor quality control of food and beverage would significant result a companys reputation and vicious aftermaths like involving in lawsuit. To ensure the quality and delicious of chocolates, all the Cocoa Boutique products are produced by using 100% pure cocoa butter in authentic Belgium recipe following Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and stringent quality control that complies with the international standard of hygiene. Cocoa Boutique to build reliability has offer live chocolate making show to customers to indicate their professional chocolate making procedure. In the part of service quality performance, they allocate employees at every corner of specific products range to provide free taste testing and reliable sales advice to customers. The information system of Cocoa Boutique not merely worked in the part of financial and human resource management, but also the key role in implementing their business level strategy. Regarding in the aspect of tourism, customers would not come themselves unless they heard about the tourist attraction from fellows, advertisement from newspaper and radio, or joining a tour group. Hence, it is imperative to develop in advertisement and distribution channel in order to build reputation among customers. To gain competitive advantage, Cocoa Boutique promotes their attraction by building long term relationship with travel agencies. They allocate vouchers and brochures to travel agencies for customers convenience and offered forty percent of commission for travel agencies, bus and taxi drivers to motive them brin g customers to visit their shops. To satisfy these important stakeholders, the commissions from the total purchase of the customers bring by them can be obtain immediately after the customers checked-out. That is to say, a computer information system is imperative to record all the details of the tour guides and drivers including their codes and the commissions they collected based on the total purchase of customers they bring. Conversely, the low service quality of commission checking would result in loss confident among tour guides toward the company and the likelihood of being boycott by them. There is a manager allocated in each branch of Cocoa Boutique to responsible for the commission-pay system and tour guides service control. To maintain long term relationship, managers would send information about the total commission collected to each tour guides and drivers once a month though e-mail or SMS. Human resource management Effective strategy implementation should occur when the people required to take action to this end are motivated to do so. Employees are the key role of sale achievement in Cocoa Boutique because they using direct sale approach to persuade customers purchase their products. Consider chocolates is perishable and have limited life shelf, employees must struggle to sell out the products in advance. Thus, developing motivation strategy is required to increase employees willingness to hard sale the products and enhance their job satisfaction. Cocoa Boutique uses the performance-pay approach to motive their employees. The idea is employees paid a base salary, however is eligible for additional compensation based on achieving certain pre-approved tasks or goals. For instance, Cocoa Boutique had setting target revenue of incoming Chinese New Year holiday, the entire workforce of the branch will be rewarded bonus suppose they reach the target. The key of success is the managers who wisely dev elop leadership in the team or branch to build a healthy workforce and thus improve cooperation among employees. In other words, performance-pay plan make it clear to managers what should be pay prior attention because they would get even more compensation. Cocoa Boutique also concern in training and development to ensure their employees is skillful to sell their products and provide appropriate advice to customers. They applied on the job training by admit employees to learn job tasks by actually performing them. This method, in somehow has effectively reduce the cost of expenditure in formal training and bring the training meaning to both employees and organization. Marketing Strategy Marketing strategy is about the approach to deliver companys products and services to satisfy customers. Wrong decision in marketing would affect success or failure of strategy implementation. Likewise, marketing plan would be determined base on the companys mission. Cocoa Boutique engage in pursuing market leader in chocolate manufacturer and retail which catering for travel trade. They merely concentrate on their performance in tourist market segment by developing four Ps, which consisting product, price, place, and promotion. The Implication of Four Ps in Cocoa Boutique Place always the first consideration in developing marketing strategy. Before even starting a business, companies need to assess their own core competencies and then evaluate the place that will complement them in business line, geographic positions, or competencies. Strategically, Cocoa Boutique and its outlets are located in the place that is accessibility, visibility and mainly catering for travel trade, for example some of them are located in the Malaysia Tourism Centre and Genting Highlands, which is an international tourist attraction. Cocoa Boutique continuous research and develop in products creation and innovation to become the leader in chocolate processing industry. To date, they offered variety of products range to meet different customers need and want, they including tropical fruit chocolate, gourmet chocolates, healthy range, and so on. Among the various chocolate flavor, Durian chocolate is the unique and best recommendation products because of the selling point of Malaysias symbolic. Others, the healthy chocolate range is even catching on the trend of healthy lifestyle in todays world. They promote this range of product by using slogan Sugar free pleasure without the guilt to attract those chocoholics struggling between health an d delicious. In the consideration of Malaysia is an Islamic country, Cocoa Boutiques chocolate product also complying with Halal requirement to encourage Muslims consumption. In fact, the price of products and services in travel trade are usually higher than the market because they serving on stable or high income group. However, Cocoa Boutique set their chocolate products price higher than the available in common market because of the quality of their chocolate and provides well services to increase customers value. Even they pursuing premium price in their marketing strategy, they have launched a Super Value package to adopt different customers demand. Travel trade is deeply depending on seasonal demand, therefore Cocoa Boutique design different promotion to different special day. For instance, they launched new packaging in Valentine day as the ideal gifts for couples. Environmental protection issue becomes popular in this contemporary since the global temperature again hit the peak in this summer. Most of the country had implemented zero plastic policy to reduce pollution and recently Malaysia started implements this policy too. Cocoa Boutique takes t he chance to offer free reusable bag for customers who purchase their chocolate products as a way to promote their products. In consideration of cost efficiency, the reusable bags are made in China due to the low cost and acceptable quality. Despite a compliment marketing strategy is non-executable without develop appropriate marketing skills. Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is a concept of marketing communication planning that recognizes the added value of a comprehensive plan. IMC can produce stronger message consistency and greater sales impact. Most of the large organizations engage in improved integrated offering by acquire promotion agencies, public relations firms, package design consultancies, web site developers, and direct mail houses. Cocoa Boutique promotes their attractiveness by take part in Tourism Malaysia Promotion Board created by Malaysia Ministry of Cultural, Art and Tourism. Furthermore, they organized public relations activities in order to build good reputation and well-known brand in the segment of tourists. Even a small company, they hired package design consultancies and web site develops in the way to improve their business visibility, build brand identify and customer loyalty and fina lly result in increase sales. Strategic leadership A key strategic role of managers is to provide strategic leadership for their subordinates. Hereinbefore all strategies would not implement successfully without leading by an effective leader. Take a place of managers of Cocoa Boutique is vital to develop leadership characteristics such as emotional intelligence and empowerment. Emotional intelligence (EQ) is the ability to recognize and manage emotion. A leader who is high degree of EQ understands his role in the organization and ability to control them mood and drive subordinates motivation to complete different job tasks. Meanwhile, they also develop empathy and social skill to build good relationship with the employees and help to earn loyalty from employees. Considering Malaysia built up with various racial, the workforce of Cocoa Boutique likely consists by different culture and religion. Managers should well handle in conflicts settlement and strive to maintain harmony in the workforce. Managers may develop mentoring by alloca tes the experienced employee even themselves to coach new employee to build good attitude and behavior modeling in the branch on the other hand increase communication among them. When employees seek some one as the model in the organization, they willing to pursue the goals and commit high loyalty to the career. Empowering subordinates or employees to make decisions is a good motivational tool. Such employees involve in decision making would increase their job enrichment and satisfaction and thus enhance their motivation to perform better. There is high empowering in Cocoa Boutique where managers need the opinions and suggestions from employees regarding the customers perspective and value to their products. The employees opinions sometimes helpful in research and development of new products which likely match customers need and want. Others, Cocoa Boutique also give high authorize to each branch managers to manage the operation as long as they keep their performance in sales and services quality. 7.0 Conclusion In general, the strategic formulated by Cocoa Boutique is only present on the travel trade and implemented by simply managing people, develop marketing purpose and operating management to satisfy all the stakeholders of the organization, such as shareholder, employees, and the agents involving in travel trade. A strategic that focuses on specific market is rather good because concentrates on single business definitely easy to manage and control, yet, the business scope is limited and pin down the potential profits in other markets. In continuous develop in local market, Cocoa Boutique should expand their business scope to increase awareness among customers to their brand and impact on sales.

Environmental And European Airline Industry Analysis

Environmental And European Airline Industry Analysis History Ryanair has grown since 1985 with only 25 staff members and a single 15-seat turbo-prop commuter plane flying between Waterford and London. By 2001 there are more than 1500 employees working for Ryanair and more than 10 million passengers are carried to 56 cities in 13 European countries. Nowadays the company is named as the most popular airline on the web by Google and also passed out British Airways to become the UKs favourite airline in United Kingdom and throughout Europe. Mission and Objectives Ryanair does not publish a formal vision or mission statement. Due to the increase of passengers, the company has re-launched as a no frills airline to meet the needs of travelling at the lowest price. It aims to expand its market share, and increase more routes and destinations. Therefore it can become the 1st largest airline and maintain the position in the industry. Reasons for success The reason of Ryanair success because it implements different marketing strategy to make the company survive in the competition and to be able to gain competitive position in the airline market. For example, its no fills strategy. In order to position itself in the marketplace, Ryanair controls own its costs to offer the lowest fares possible and remain profitable. Chapter 2 Environmental European Airline Industry Analysis 2.1 The PESTEL Analysis The Political Factors The Europe Union (EU) has expanded in the past few years, and it will be a big factor affects the direction and strategy planning for Ryanair. And some countries give preferential treatment to companies from their own country, i.e., France government has the policy to support its own national carriers which affects the expansion of Ryanair. The Economic Factors The unstable fuel price is affecting the business. In the face of rising fuel, hedging on future buying of fuel to stable the cost as fuel is a major cost for every airline. Also, the depreciation of US dollars affects Ryanair because customers from United States will cut their orders as US dollars are depreciating. The Socio-cultural Factors The increasing travelling lifestyles become a factor to affect the business of Ryanair. Nowadays people are more enjoy a travelling lifestyle, i.e., graduation trips, backpack trips etc. They love to travel all around the world. Therefore, these people become the major customers for the company. The Technological Factors Technology is rapidly improving means the whole industry is changing, becoming more environmentally friendly and efficient. More effective infrastructure in the airports means that some airports can charge the airlines more for landing there. The Environmental Factors Under the new law, the airline industry has to be more environmentally friendly. Therefore the manufacturers, designers and airline companies have to combat this together to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and less harmful to the environment so its order to comply with EU regulations. The Legal Factors The whole industry is heavily regulated due to laws and they have to constantly adapt to new changes in the law, such as not allowing liquid on board. After 911, the tighten security measure has also affected the business, the government reinforce security, it increases costs, and forcing to push the airline ticket prices up. 2.2 The Five Forces Analysis Competitive Rivalry Ryanair has highly competitive rivalry because the large number of competitors and especially since the airline industry market is completely saturated. There are already many no frills airlines, i.e., easyJet, Monarch Airlines, and Air Berlin etc. If those companies decide to compete on the same basis as Ryanair, there will be a heavy pressure on prices and margins to Ryanair. Suppliers bargaining power The bargaining power of suppliers is high for Ryanair. Price of aviation fuel is directly related to the cost of oil. The costs from one supplier to the other are high because all mechanics and pilots would have to be retrained. Therefore, Boeing is the main suppliers of Ryanair. For those bigger airports where Ryanairs competitors operate, have greater bargaining power. Ryanairs policy is tried to avoid these airports and focus on the regional airports. Buyers Bargaining Power The bargaining power of buyers is medium. As customers are price sensitive to choose Ryanair, they only choose for cheapness not quality. Therefore if the prices are increased or a competitor has a lower price then they will switch to another airline. Threat of New Entrants The threat of potential entrants is low because set up an airline is high capital investment and the risk is high. Also there are some barriers to entry, such as a lot of regulation and the pressure to reduce carbon emissions. Threat of Substitutes The threat of substitutes is high because of the competition with buses, trains, cars and ferries. These can all substitute the low-cost airlines like Ryanair. 2.3 The Scenario Analysis According to the socio-cultural factors, the market is becoming more competitive because of having the emerging and developing countries, more people want flights therefore more airlines in order to accommodate this and it might decrease the profits in the market share. Furthermore, Ryanair is facing the increasing trade-union pressure in Europe. Some of the countries in Europe have formed a trade-union among each others, thus it gives the pressure for Ryanair to do business in these countries. Chapter 3 SWOT Analysis 3.1 Strengths Ryanair has developed a very well recognized brand name by leading low cost airline. It provides high seat density and high service performance: punctual, high rate of flight completion, low baggage loss, these give a good image of the companys reliability. Ryanair has first mover advantage in strong bargaining power in airport deals and reduces barriers to its entry into new markets and airports. Over 94% of all seats are sold online so the cost of distribution by using internet booking is lower than phone booking, also eliminates the need of travel agents. Furthermore, the single model of Boeing aircraft saves on training, maintenance and supervisory costs. 3.2 Weaknesses Ryanair is based on no frills strategy, it restricted expansion possibility. The long distances of its airport from city centers can become less attractive as markets mature. Over time customers may find this a big inconvenience. Besides, the morale of employee is low. The weakening employee relations are detrimental to success in any services industry. Other weakness of Ryanair is high turnaround would increase the fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, therefore the costs will be increased. 3.3 Opportunities As the EU enlargement, there will be a lot of new destinations opened up and complete deregulation of airline industry in all EU markets. During any financial downturns, the new fleet could be leased out to undercut other sources and increase entrepreneurial activities will be a source for economy air travel. 3.4 Threats There are several threats on Ryanair. First, impending legislations for environment protection and customer compensations increase costs. Secondly, the increase in market share at the cost of network airlines could also increase airport service charges which are currently low. Then, traditional airlines are also cutting fares and costs which could affect the market share of Ryanair. Finally, additional fleets may require new terminals and secondary airports which mean Ryanair would need to bear higher cost. Chapter 4 Evaluations Recommendations 4.1 Evaluation There is a point-of-difference between Ryanair and larger airlines such as British Airways (BA). Ryanair is the Europes largest low-cost carrier and provide only basic-level service but BA is a high-class airline company which provides high perceived service, and they focus on difference position and target customers so it is quite difficult for larger airlines to imitate the strategy. More than that, Ryanairs no frill strategy is sustainable for identifying their target customers who are price-sensitive and wish to spend low price to fly safely. 4.2 Recommendations A low-cost image of Ryanair that has become its brand tag will be difficult to erase when it wishes to moves up the value chain, and the upper-middle class economy travellers may seek greater value proposition, not just for low fares. I suggest Ryanair add more routes to their already extensive network and plan for expanding operations into non-European markets in the near future. Furthermore, consolidation and integration would become necessary to grow further in maturing markets which could help Ryanair to offset pressure on its costs and fares. Reference Lists Case Study on Ryanair, the biggest low-cost European Airline (Jan, 2008) [online]Availablefrom [Accessed 21/07/10] Thomas M. Box (2005), RYANAIR (2005): SUCCESSFUL LOW COST LEADERSHIP, [online] Available from [Accessed 20/07/10] Yahoo Knowledge (2007), Assignment for strategic analysis, [online] Available from [Accessed 20/07/10]

Alcoholism - A Serious Disease :: Alcoholics Drinking Binge Alcohol Essays Papers

Alcoholism - A Serious Disease Alcohol is the most used and abused drug in the world, for this reason there is no wonder why we have alcohol problems. The most common problem is alcoholism. Alcoholism is a chronic usually progressive disease that includes both a psychological and a physical addiction to alcohol. Alcoholics know what will happen to them when they drink but they are so addicted they cannot stop drinking. Alcohol becomes the most important part of the person's life. It totally consumes them, all their thoughts and actions have to do are somehow associated with alcohol. Alcoholism like other illnesses will become worse without treatment and remain life-threatening as long as it is left untreated. The psychological dependence an alcoholic has is when they think alcohol is necessary and life will not be good without it. The physical dependence an alcoholic has is when their body becomes so used to the drug that it now needs alcohol to function without pain. Alcoholism is not a disease experienced only by adults. Alcoholism, like any illness, can strike at any age. Ten percent of the adult drinkers in the U.S are considered alcoholics or at least experience drinking problems to some degree. Surveys have shown that more than one out of three Americans have a personal friend or relative who has had a drinking problem for ten years or longer. Almost two out of three Americans report that they know someone who drinks too much. It is estimated that there are 18 million alcoholic or problem drinkers in the U.S. For every alcoholic there are at least four other people who are affected by the alcoholic. This means that in the U.S. there are at least seventy-two million other people dealing with the disease somehow. Many people believe that alcoholics are people that are the skid row winos and bums. This is a common misconception, actually ninety-four percent of alcoholics live at home, while only six percent are the skid row type. Ninety percent of all alcoholics are employed, and many work for years before their alcoholism becomes so bad that they cannot perform their job. Federal officials estimate that the abuse of alcohol costs the economy well over one-hundred billion dollars every year. Alcohol does this by making people be less productive at work, taking more sick days, sustaining on the job injuries, collecting more workmen?s compensation, and increasing health insurance premiums. Physical Effects Prolonged alcohol use like that of an alcoholic can lead to permanent damage of your

Excellent Websites to Assist You in Buying a New Car Essay -- Sell Web

Excellent Websites to Assist You in Buying a New Car By overcoming any fear about buying a car online, consumers can get that dream car for a great price, safely and securely - possibly even for a better price than offline. Are you in the market for a new or used car? Would you like to get some advice on safety ratings for certain cars, fuel efficiency, or trade- in value? If so, the fueleconomy.gov/feg/ and Carsdirect.com could have the answers to all of your vehicle- related questions and more. These sites are smoe of the best automotive websites in the cyber world. They allow a buyer to find a vehicle, conduct research, make a purchase, obtain financing, and buy insurance, all from the comfort of your own home. If you are engrossed in finding out which new vehicles are equipped with alternative fuel technology for sure fueleconomy.gov/feg/ is the site for you. There is tons of information here including a full list of new Alternative Fuel Vehicles(AFV’s), a glossary of Alternative Fuel Vehicle terms, Alternative Fuel Vehicle photos and videos , success stories and all case studies about AFV’s. The site is very extensive and there are links to other excellent sites, such as the Office of Transportation Technologies. Navigation is easy and there is plenty of material here to help you understand that the premium you pay for an AFV can be recovered in cheaper operating costs, improved efficiency and reduced environmental impact. It is such a great site . By far my beloved part is the Find and Compare Cars section of the website. There you can see how cars rate in terms of annual fuel costs, greenhouse gas emissions, MPG (and even switch to metric units) and the overall air pollution score. You can search out a ca... ... in your area, it will check into its national network of dealers until it finds the one you want, then swap the car with another vehicle at a local dealer located near your place. The vehicle will be shipped directly to you, if necessary. Carsdirect.com misses a couple of services and features that some other sites possess. For instance, there is no option to buy used cars or to get information on used cars in general . It lacks some features like information on local gas prices and traffic conditions, like some of the other car sites offer. But with Carsdirect.com you get a great service and a no- haggle price , just like the name implies. If you are in the market for a new car, you may want to look at this site. You have nothing to lose, so why not give it a shot? You may find your dream car. References: www.carsdirect.com www.Fueleconomy.gov/feg/

Relationship Between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay

All through the play of â€Å"Macbeth† there is a continuing relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. The relationship has a significant role that creates most of the actions, reactions, moods, feelings and attitudes in the play. That relationship changes throughout the play, at first there is a lot of respect between them, however in time Lady Macbeth takes the part of the more dominant character of their relationship. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth they respect each other and are on exactly the same wavelength, so close they can almost read each other’s thoughts when they are apart. â€Å"†¦ I feel now / The future in the instant. † (I, v) Having decided to murder Duncan, their relationship becomes even more intense, it’s a passionate, obsessive, almost sexual excitement. As well there’s fear and terror involved in the relationship. â€Å"What cannot you and I perform upon / Th’ unguarded Duncan? † (I, vii) After Duncan’s murder, Lady Macbeth appears stunned by Macbeth’s killing of the guards. Suddenly she feels that the situation is getting out of control and Macbeth is becoming more vicious. This is the first time we feel they are growing apart. â€Å"O, yet I do repent me of my fury, / That I did kill them. During the time between the coronation and the banquet the relationship becomes very distressed. Neither of them are sleeping. Guilt is overcoming the couple. Macbeth begins to plan and think alone and shuts out Lady Macbeth from his thoughts. â€Å"How now my lord! why do you keep alone†¦? † (III, ii) By the banquet scene, Lady Macbeth realises she can’t do anything to help her husband. At the end, she and her husband, have grown apart, so they are no in a relationship anymore. He is determined to go back to the witches; we feel that Macbeth is no longer trusting his wife but instead in â€Å"You lack the season of all natures, sleep. (III, iv) After the banquet there is a long period when all Lady Macbeth can do is watch as Macbeth continues killing. By the last Act, a combination of isolation and guilt has driven Lady Macbeth mad. †I tell you yet again, Banquo’s buried, he / Cannot come out on’s grave. ‘ (V, i) †Shortly before the end, Macbeth too realises that his life no longer has any meaning and calmly faces his own death at the hands of Macduff. In this play the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth had a significant role of creating most of the actions, moods, feelings, and attitudes. The relationship changed throughout the play.

Critial Review Extract ‘Convicts, Jailers and Colonists’ 1779-1821

Colonial Experiment 1788 1918 Assignment 1 Review In the extract Convicts, jailers and colonists 1779-1821 from the contain , book of factss of Australian History(1971), the Author Manning Clark uses the primary choice from master Sydney to the lords and commissioners of the exchequer in 1786 to embody the schoolbook which discusses the problem of overcrowded jails in England and the end for a hustle colony in Australia in 1784 1786.The primary re beginning is a dispatch that was spoken by churchman Sydney to the lords and commissioners of the treasury on the 18th of terrific 1786 in White hall, announcing the close of the British Government to establish a convict colony at phytology Bay. on with many other Books and journals such as Manning Clarks, Sources of Australian History (1971), the Dispatch from original Sydney was originally printed in the Historical records of radical due south Wales.In this review, I summarize the source and analyses what relation it has to the diachronic subject as nearly as what the article says approximately the aspect of history it addresses. Critical digest In the primary source Lord Sydney to the Lords and commissioners of the treasury, the text implies that Lord Sydney is speaking to the Lords of the treasury on behalf of the King for the funding of the military expedition of a new settlement for convicts. The text shows that the over occupied jails in the earth of Britain were so full that the king of England had inflexible that measures be taken immediately in relocating the convicts.Originally the idea been proposed to send the convicts to south Africa, save after sending out a scout ship it was discovered that the airfield that was desired for settlement was too light-haired and barren among other reasons for being unfit. Lord Sydney (1786) then goes on to discuss how alternatively the convict settlement would be on the Land known as Botany Bay as discovered by James Cook. Lord Sydney(1786) then states on behalf of the king that the treasury supply the gold for vessels to transport 750 convicts as strong as Naval Crews and 3 companies of marines .It is also mentioned that a measurement of provisions for sustaining the people for ii years be provided as well as ,necessaries such as provide ,medical supplies and housing materials in order to put up habitation along with tools for agriculture and garb also be funded as well as contingency solutions for food such as seed for growing scrap and other garden seeds. Also it is far-famed that upon arriving at Botany bay piddle be procured as Lord Sydney (1786) states the final cause for a vessel to stop at Cape de verda Islands as well as Cape of good hope to do so.The text has great relevance to the diachronic subject as because of this event Australia was annex by The English. This Source can be considered a factual piece of historical evidence as it was a British fan tanary documented report and the decision t o enforce the scheme to move the convicts to Australia was a proposal from his majesty the King. The Source is an neutral piece of evidence as it is an trace of what was said in British parliament and throughout the text it can be seen that during that period of quantify the British had plotted to nurse the colony self-sufficient after a certain period of time in order to minimize personify .This can be seen as in the text it is stated that According to the outflank opinions that can be obtained a quantity of provisions equal only to ii years should be provided. Ultimately the Source from Lord Sydney to the lords and commissioners of the treasury in 1786, is a parliamentary documented source that explains how the plan to colonize Australia was set in motion, as the text shows Lord Sydney Outlines what things such as provisions, medical supplies, bedding and Argicultultural equipment would be necessary to be funded in order to make the voyage to the new Land.References Clark , M (ed) 1971, Convicts, jailers and colonists 1779-1821, In Sources of Australian History, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, pp. 60-75. Bibliography Clark, M (ed) 1971, Convicts, jailers and colonists 1779-1821, In Sources of Australian History, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, pp. 60-75. Lord Sydney to the Lords commissioners of the treasury, on the 18th of overbearing 1786, White hall, Historical records of New South Wales, Vol. 1 pt. 2 at pp. 14 19